Freedman’s Village is located on the southern end of Arlington Cemetery. It was used as a village for fugitive and liberated slaves during and after the Civil War. The words “citizen” and “civilian” are inscribed upon more than 3800 grave markers as a remembrance of the people buried there.
In 1863, Freedman’s Village was established on the Arlington Estate as a camp. Although the camp was stated as a temporary refuge for freed slaves, the shelter lasted more than 30 years. United States Colored Troops were used to help protect the fugitive slaves from their slave owners.
Homes in the village were wooden and housed 2 to 4 families each. As the community grew, the village provided education, skilled training, church services, medical care and food for the former slaves. The first school opened with 150 students and peaked at 900 students. Adults were counted as students also.
Some of the industrial training included making clothes, shoes, desks and chairs. Blacksmith skills, wheelwright skills, carpentry and tailoring were also taught to the villagers.
A home and hospital were set up for the aged and those requiring extended medical care. Farm workers grew wheat, potatoes, corn and other vegetables to sell for profit.
After the war, motivation to help the freed slaves dwindled. The U.S. Supreme Court closed Freedman’s Village in 1882. The land was given to the military after the federal government obtained the rights to the Custis estate, meaning the civilians at Freedman’s Village had to leave. The village was given 90 days to leave in December 1887.
Freedman’s Village was closed down in 1900. At its height more than 1100 residents lived there although it was constructed to contain about 600.
But Michael Leventhal, Arlington County’s historic preservation coordinator, said Freedman’s Village’s creation had less to do with helping blacks integrate into free society and more to do with segregation.
“Although slavery was abolished, the North was not really interested in having blacks coming into northern cities,” Leventhal sai d. “It isn’t as if the country had made the full leap to integration.”
“The votes cast by the colored citizens on the Arlington reservation have several times controlled elections in the county.”
Related link below:
http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/freedman-100104.htm